 简氏：中国的J11B预示静悄悄的军事革命
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简氏：中国的J11B预示静悄悄的军事革命
点击数：9 更新时间：2008-1-23 9:02:30
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ] Chinese J-11B Presages Quiet Military Revolution
中国的 J-11B 预示静悄悄的军事革命
By Douglas Barrie
China is in the midst of a critical period of testing an "indigenous" version of the Russian Su-27 Flanker, known as the J-11B, with propulsion, radar and weapons system integration underway.
中国正在测试鉴定装有推进、雷达和武器系统集成的俄国 Su-27 侧卫本土版本J-11B的中期。
The effort is emblematic of Beijing's efforts to recast its capabilities for the 21st century as its military and associated defense-aerospace sector undergoes its own revolution in military affairs.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
这种努力是北京努力为21世纪军事和关系到其自身军务变革的空天防务扇区而重振雄风的象征。
The development of the J-11B, if successful, will mark a notable change in capability--not only for key elements of the country's defense industrial base, but also for the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF).
J-11B 的开发如果成功，将为其能力带来显著变化--不仅对于国防工业基础的要害部位，而且还有人民解放军空军(PLAAF)。
The Chinese military is recalibrating the balance of quantity and quality in favor of the latter, as a guarantor of a decisive military edge and the ability to project power regionally. At the same time, the nature of the relationship between Beijing and Moscow may be subtly changing, reflecting China's growing confidence in its own capabilities.
中国军事正在重调后期支持上质量和数量之间的平衡，作为决定性军事优势和地区投射力量的保证。同时，北京和莫斯科之间的关系的性质可能在微妙变化，正影响中国在其自身能力不断增长的信心。
Alongside key elements on the J-11B, Chinese industry is beginning to produce a gamut of capable guided weapons, both tactical and strategic, including satellite-guided precision systems. The emergence of unmanned platforms is also gaining the attention of Beijing.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
在 J-11B 上的关键部位（的突破），中国工业开始形成在制导武器，战术和战略两方面的，包括卫星精确制导系统全面开花局面。
The nationally developed systems now in various stages of the J-11B test program potentially provide performance improvements over the various Su-27 models now in PLAAF service.
现在举国发展的体制在 J-11B 测试项目各个阶段，提供了超越 PLAAF在役 Su-27 模型的性能提升的潜力。
Air Show China, held here Oct. 31-Nov. 5, included the first official detail about the Shenyang Tai Hang engine. This turbofan powerplant is being developed for the Flanker, and is also sometimes referred to as the WS-10A. A handful of J-11B airframes are now likely being used for development testing, including at least one J-11B engine-integration aircraft.
2005年11月31日举办的中国空展，就有沈阳太行引擎的首次官方披露。这种涡扇推力装置就是为侧卫研发，有时被称为WS-10A。一批 J-11B 机身像是被用来做开发测试，包括至少一架 J-11B 集成引擎战机。
Beijing and Moscow first agreed on the Flanker sale in 1991, with a license production contract signed in 1996. The Flanker has given China its most capable fighter aircraft while also providing a vehicle for its industry to gain knowledge of fourth-generation fighter manufacturing. The first kit-built J-11A was completed in 1998. The J-11A still uses Russian engines, radar and weaponry.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
北京和莫斯科在 1991 年首次同意侧卫的销售，许可生产合同签订于 1996 年。侧卫在中国表现为能力最大的战斗机，同时也为其工业提供一种获得四代战机制造知识的传达手段。
Design and development of the Tai Hang has been underway for nearly two decades, says one senior Chinese aero-engine executive. He admits the program has proved challenging: "We hit difficulties in developing the engine."
太行的设计和开发已经进行了 20 年了，一位中国的高级航空引擎主管说。他承认这个项目证明了挑战：“我们开发这个引擎发现困难重重。”
Chinese industry executives attending the show remain reticent to discuss the J-11B program. The executive would say only that the Tai Hang has "similar applications to the Al-31 [the present Su-27 engine]. It's of a similar thrust and is of the same technology generation." The J-11B program also includes the integration of Chinese-developed planar array pulse-Doppler radar replacing the Russian N-001 cassegrain radar, at least two versions of which are fielded by the PLAAF. An image of a J-11B, still in its primer (see top photo on p. 27), appears to show the aircraft fitted with a different radome to the basic Su-27. Given the available space for a flat-plate antenna, this would offer a performance improvement over the N-0001.
正在参观展览的这位中国产业主管对讨论 J-11B 项目保持沉默。主管仅愿意说太行“有近似 AL-31（目前Su-27的引擎）的应用，它有接近（AL-31）推力和且是相同技术代的。”这个 J-11B 项目也包括中国开发的平面阵列脉冲多普勒雷达，替代了俄国 N-001 卡塞格伦雷达，PLAAF 至少列装两种版本。一张 J-11B 的图片仍旧（见27页顶图）显示战机配有不同于原Su-27的雷达天线屏蔽器。给平板天线留有可用空间，这会提供超过 N-001 的性能跃升。
Also associated with the J-11B is the Luoyang PL-12 active radar-guided medium-range air-to-air missile. While the Chinese air force already has the Russian R-77 (AA-12 Adder) in service with the Su-27, the PL-12 offers a big performance increase over the present export standard of the Vympel R-77. Officials from the company were unable to discuss the PL-12 project.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
与 J-11B 也有关的是洛阳 PL-12 主动雷达制导中程空空导弹。 中国空军已经有了俄 R-77( AA-12 蝰蛇）与 Su-27 在役，PL-12 相对于现在出口标准版的 Vympel R-77 有巨大的性能也升。那个公司的官员不愿讨论 PL-12 项目。
The initial development test-firing program for the overall PL-12 program now appears complete, with the missile at least close to service entry. It was integrated first on the J-8II for the development program. Trials of the PL-12 on the Chengdu J-10 also have been carried out.
为整个 PL-12 项目初步开发的点火测试项目现在显示完成了，至少带弹（测试）接近服役关口。它首先集成在为开发项目配被的 J-8II 上。在成都 J-10 上的 PL-12 的试用也已经开展。
The PL-12 does benefit from Russian technology, with the seeker and inertial guidance system provided by Moscow. A variant of the Agat 9B-1103M radar seeker is the most likely candidate for the missile. This seeker was intended initially for an improved version of the R-77, but appears to have been sold to China first.
PL-12 得益于俄罗斯技术，搜索器和惯性制导系统由莫斯科提供。Agat 9B-1103M 雷达搜索器的一个变种最像候选导弹。这种搜索器最初也有意作为 R-77 的改进版本，但好像已经首先卖给中国了。
The PLAAF currently has the capability for two-target engagement using the Su-27, R-77 combination. Successful integration of the PL-12 on the J-11B would likely provide a genuine multitarget capability and give the PLAAF a more capable air superiority aircraft.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
PLAAF 目前用 Su-27、R-77 组合已经有双目标作战能力。在 J-11B 上 PL-12 的成功集成或许提供一种真正的多目标能力，且给 PLAAF 一种能力更强的空优战机。
The country is also moving to fill gaps in its tactical weapons capability, and to bolster its ability to support combat aircraft export proposals with credible guided-weapons packages. The show included the presentation of several previously unseen air-launched tactical systems. Luoyang showed the LT-2 laser-guided bomb, along with the LS-6 precision-guided glide bomb (middle photo). Rival China Aerospace and Technology Corp. unveiled its FT-1 and FT-3 satellite-guided weapons family. Both are aimed at potential exports of the FC-1 light fighter, including Pakistan, and likely national requirements.
正在转向填补战术武器能力空缺，和扩充实力以支持战机出口的国家建议可靠制导武器整包（出口）。这次展览包括几个前所未见的空射型战术系统的代表。洛阳展示了 LT-2 激光制导炸弹、与LS-6精确制导滑翔炸弹（中间图片）。对手中国航天科技公司披露了它的 FT-1 和 FT-3 卫星制导武器家族。均瞄准FC-1轻型战机的潜在出口对象，包括巴基斯坦以及可能有此需求的国家。
Meanwhile, China Aerospace Science and Industry Corp. (Casic) showed the C-704 antiship missile (bottom photo), along with the C-802KD air-to-surface version of the C-802 antiship weapon.
期间，中国航天科技公司展示了C-704 反舰导弹（底部图片）和 C-802反舰武器的空地版本 C-802KD 。
The LT-2 has been in service with the Chinese air force "for more than three years," says a Luoyang executive. The 500-kg.-class (1,100-lb.) weapon resembles the Russian KAB family. The official suggested that the laser-guided bomb has a range of up to 20 km. (12.4 mi.) from high altitude, with an average accuracy of about 2 meters (6.5 ft.).
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
LT-2 已经进入中国空军服役了，“超过3 年”，一位洛阳主管说。500公斤级（1100-1b) 武器类似俄罗斯 KAB 家族。官方暗示激光制导炸弹从高海拔区有升至 20 公里的射程（12.4英里），平均精度约2米（6.5英尺）。
The LS-6 appears, in effect, a successor system, with a family of weapons planned. The official says "about a dozen" launch tests of the LS-6 precision bomb kit have been carried out using a Shenyang J-8II as the test aircraft. The program was begun in 2003, with testing now complete.
LS-6 的出现，在效能上，一个后续系统，有一系列已计划的武器。这位官员说，“约是一打” LS-6精确炸弹成套工具的发射测试已经在沈阳用 J-8II 作为测试战机上进行了。这个项目始于2003年，现在测试正在完成。
He identifies the JF-17--the Pakistan air force designation for the Chengdu FC-1 now in development--as the next intended aircraft for integration of the weapon. Guidance is provided by an inertial package coupled with satellite navigation. The official says the weapons family will be capable of using three systems--the U.S. GPS, the Russian Glonass and China's own Beidou system. The architecture for this system eventually foresees using five satellites in geosynchronous orbit (GEO) and up to 30 non-GEO platforms.
他确认 JF-17 -- 巴基斯坦空军指派给现在开发的成都 FC-1，作为下次订购集成武器的战机。 制导由配有卫星导航的惯性制导打包提供。这位官员说这种武器家族将能使用三种系统：美国 GPS、俄国 Glonass 和中国自己的北斗系统。这个系统的架构最终预计用上位于地球同步轨道和多至 30 颗非同步轨道平台上的 5 颗卫星。
The 500-kg. LS-6 has a maximum launch range of 60 km. from medium altitude. A 1,000-kg. kit has also been considered, although this requires a larger wing. A 250-kg. variant is in the pipeline as well. Also under study is the addition of a laser seeker.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
500公斤 LS-6 从中等海拔发射有 60 公里最大射程 ，1000 公斤成套的也已可期望达到，尽管需要更大飞行翼。250 公斤的变种正在生产线上，激光搜索器的附件还在研究中。
The two weapons shown by Casic cover the 250-kg. and 500-kg. class. The FT-1 bears a resemblance to the U.S. Joint Direct Attack Munition. Development began in 2001, according to a company executive. Tests have been carried out from a Xian JH-7. Range of the FT-1 is given as up to 18 km., depending on the release altitude and aircraft speed, with an accuracy of "30 meters, or less." Casic subsidiary China National Precision Machinery Import & Export Corp. is responsible for the C-704. At least a small batch of the antiship missile has been produced.
CASIC 展示的这两种武器为 250 公斤和 500 公斤级的。FT-1 与美国 JDAM 具有类同之处。开发始于 2001 年，据一位公司主管说。测试在 西安 JH-7 上已经开展了。FT-1 既定射程提高到 18公里，有赖于发射地海拔高度和战机速度，精度为“30米或更小。” CASIC 补充说中国国家精密机械进出口公司负责 C-704 ， 至少小批量反舰导弹已经生产了。
The design is strongly reminiscent of the Hongdu JJ/TL-6 antiship missile, although dimensions and performance figures for the two vary slightly. Data provided for the C-704 give the monopulse active-radar-guided missile a maximum engagement range of 35 km.
设计有强烈的洪都 JJ/TL-6 反舰导弹的色彩，尽管尺度和性能稍稍变细。提供给 C-704 的数据给单脉冲主动雷达制导导弹的作战半径达 35 公里。
The company is also offering a further variant of its C-802 antiship missile. The air-launched C-802KD is claimed to be capable of engaging ships in harbor or some fixed land targets. Given that the missile is fitted with a radar seeker only, land targets would need to provide a high radar contrast.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
这家公司还提供更多 C-802 反舰导弹的变种。空射型 C-802KD 声称能打击海港战舰或固定陆地目标。给这种导弹配上雷达搜索器，陆地目标需要提供一个雷达对照 。
An electro-optically guided medium-size air-launched weapon in a similar class to the C-802 is under development in China. This program almost certainly corresponds to the KD-88 designation.
电光调制导中等尺寸的空射武器类似 C-802 在中国处于开发中。这个项目某种意义上相当于 KD-88 的名称。
The first indications of a measured shift in Sino-Russian relations could be detected in the outcome of the ongoing "push and shove" between Beijing and Moscow over the provision of a Russian engine for the FC-1 light fighter. The aircraft is a joint development between China and Pakistan.
中俄关系平衡移动的首个迹象可由正在北京和莫斯科之间关于FC-1轻型战机的俄国引擎的问题上进行的“推-挤”的成果检测出来了。
Chinese and Russian aerospace executives are maintaining China's FC-1 light fighter will be provided to Pakistan with a Russian engine, though this is still pending political approval from Moscow. The Russian government has yet to approve the release, with suggestions that Moscow might nix a deal to avoid jeopardizing sales to India.
[ 转自铁血社区 http://bbs.tiexue.net/ ]
中俄航空主管正在维护中国将供给巴基斯坦有俄制引擎的FC-1 轻型战机。尽管这需要莫斯科后续的政治上正式批准。俄国政府在莫斯科建议竭力避免销售危害印度的情况下，依然正式批准了这次出口。
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